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Convert a quadratic U_Pseudo mixture model to Real

The following information is required for conversion from pseudo to real.

Convert Pseudo limits (0 = minimum, 1 = maximum) to proportion (real) limits.

Low

High

A

AL

AH

B

BL

BH

C

CL

CH

Compute the sum of the high real settings (U). It is used for U_pseudo conversion.

The Pseudo model example:

QuadraticPseudo=β1A+β2B+β3C+β12AB+β13AC+β23BC

Insignificant terms with a near zero coefficient should be included in this model.

U=qi=1Ui

Rewrite the model substituting…

XUXU1 for each component, change the X’s to the component ID being replaced.

The rewrite of the Quadratic Pseudo Example is:

Real=β1AUAU1+β2BUBU1+β3CUCU1+β12AUAU1BUBU1+β13AUAU1CUCU1+β23BUBU1CUCU1

Expand all terms and combine like terms, starting with higher order terms first.

Quadratic term expansion

Showing the BC quadratic term as an example. Use this procedure for each quadratic term.

β23BUBU1CUCU1

β23BUCUBCUCBU+BC(U1)2

β23[BUCU(U1)2+BCU(U1)2+CBU(U1)2+BC(U1)2]

BUCU/(U1)2 is a constant which requires special handling.

From the mixture design property of a constant total, we know that A+B+C=1 in terms of the reals. Rewrite BUCU as BUCU1 and substitute [A+B+C] for 1, yielding BUCU[A+B+C]. When expanded, the result is an adjustment to all the linear coefficients of β23BUCU/(U1)2.

β23BU/(U1)2 is a correction that will be applied to the C coefficient.

β23BU/(U1)2 is a correction that will be applied to the B coefficient.

The BC coefficient is changed to β23/(U1)2 in the real model.

Linear term expansion

Showing the C term as the example. Use this procedure for all the linear terms.

β3CUCU1=β3[CUU1+CU1]

β3/(U1) is the base coefficient for the C linear effect. This will be adjusted by quadratic and other linear effect adjustments.

CU/(U1) is a constant which is treated the same as the quadratic term’s constant becoming, β3CU/(U1)[A+B+C] . Each linear term in the pseudo model creates an adjustment to all linear terms in the real model.

Combine Like Terms

After working through each term in the model, combine like terms into new coefficients for the real model.

βA=β1U1+β1AU+β2BU+β3CUU1+β12(AUBUBU)+β13(AUCUCU)+β23(BUCU)(U1)2

βB=β2U1+β1AU+β2BU+β3CUU1+β12(AUBUAU)+β23(BUCUBU)+β13(AUCU)(U1)2

βC=β3U1+β1AU+β2BU+β3CUU1+β13(AUCUAU)+β23(BUCUBU)+β13(AUCU)(U1)2

βAB=β12(U1)2

βAC=β13(U1)2

βBC=β23(U1)2

References

  • J. Cornell. Experiments with Mixtures. Wiley, 3rd edition, 2002.